{"id":62402,"date":"2022-01-27T09:29:34","date_gmt":"2022-01-27T12:29:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sanfernandonuestro.com.ar\/wp\/?p=62402"},"modified":"2022-01-27T09:32:01","modified_gmt":"2022-01-27T12:32:01","slug":"por-que-es-importante-el-censo-nacional","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sanfernandonuestro.com.ar\/wp\/por-que-es-importante-el-censo-nacional\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 es importante el Censo Nacional?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sanfernandonuestro.com.ar\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/WhatsApp-Image-2020-11-01-at-23.44.05-e1604285549804.jpeg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-56113\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sanfernandonuestro.com.ar\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/WhatsApp-Image-2020-11-01-at-23.44.05-e1604285549804.jpeg\" alt=\"Diego Pando\" width=\"120\" height=\"120\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Por Diego Pando*<\/strong><\/p><div id=\"sanfe-2827172496\" class=\"sanfe-contenido sanfe-entity-placement\" style=\"margin-top: 1px;margin-right: 2px;\"><script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- anuncio -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-6719099566820218\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"4258158415\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"\r\n     data-full-width-responsive=\"true\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div><br style=\"clear: both; display: block; float: none;\"\/>\n<p>En 1853, una fuerte epidemia de c\u00f3lera atac\u00f3 a Londres, una de las ciudades de ese entonces m\u00e1s pobladas y con mayor \u00edndice de urbanizaci\u00f3n del mundo. S\u00f3lo en el barrio de Soho, de medio kil\u00f3metro de di\u00e1metro, se produjeron cerca de 700 muertes en menos de una semana. Las autoridades cre\u00edan que la propagaci\u00f3n de la enfermedad se daba a trav\u00e9s del aire contaminado con olores hediondos producto de los desechos industriales y de la poblaci\u00f3n. Sin embargo, John Snow, un m\u00e9dico anestesi\u00f3logo local, logr\u00f3 descubrir que los contagios se produc\u00edan de una manera diferente a partir de la utilizaci\u00f3n de un mapa sobre el cual empez\u00f3 a georreferenciar el lugar de residencia de las personas que hab\u00edan muerto. Producto de este trabajo de campo, Snow pudo confirmar que las v\u00edctimas hab\u00edan ingerido agua de una misma bomba p\u00fablica. Dado \u00e9ste descubrimiento, el m\u00e9dico pudo convencer a las autoridades que deb\u00edan clausurar esa fuente de contagio para evitar la propagaci\u00f3n de la epidemia. Ese m\u00e9todo geogr\u00e1fico conocido como \u201cmapa del c\u00f3lera\u201d marc\u00f3 el comienzo de la epidemiolog\u00eda moderna. De no haber contado con este descubrimiento, consecuencia de un \u201cnuevo\u201d m\u00e9todo \/ tecnolog\u00eda de geolocalizaci\u00f3n, las autoridades de entonces hubiesen tomado un camino equivocado en la gesti\u00f3n de la crisis.<\/p>\n<p>Pasaron casi 170 a\u00f1os de esta historia que constituy\u00f3 un punto de inflexi\u00f3n para demostrar la importancia del uso de datos como evidencia para la toma de decisiones p\u00fablicas. Aqu\u00ed radica la importancia crucial de un censo para la elaboraci\u00f3n de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas: los datos que surgen de un operativo censal permiten ir m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las intuiciones y robustecer el dise\u00f1o y la implementaci\u00f3n de pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas a partir de la evidencia emp\u00edrica.<\/p>\n<p>Si bien es cierto que los datos censales tambi\u00e9n son utilizados por empresas y organizaciones de la sociedad civil para investigar, planificar y llevar adelante proyectos basados en informaci\u00f3n oficial, lo cierto es que el Estado es productor y principal consumidor de estos datos para, por ejemplo, conocer las principales caracter\u00edsticas demogr\u00e1ficas y socioecon\u00f3micas de la poblaci\u00f3n que reside en el territorio nacional y sus condiciones habitacionales. Adem\u00e1s, ser\u00e1 clave para saber c\u00f3mo cambi\u00f3 la estructura de la poblaci\u00f3n desde 2010 hasta ahora.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e1s all\u00e1 de la utilidad de las encuestas peri\u00f3dicas o espec\u00edficas y otras t\u00e9cnicas de recolecci\u00f3n de datos primarios, es el censo de poblaci\u00f3n la fuente principal de informaci\u00f3n demogr\u00e1fica y socioecon\u00f3mica que facilita la elaboraci\u00f3n de indicadores de desarrollo, proporciona bases para preparar estimaciones de natalidad, mortalidad, migraci\u00f3n y del crecimiento de la poblaci\u00f3n, seg\u00fan diversos atributos, por regiones y otras proyecciones derivadas.<\/p>\n<p>No solo para el Estado nacional el censo es importante. Tambi\u00e9n lo es para provincias y municipios que tienen ah\u00ed un insumo valioso para la planificaci\u00f3n estrat\u00e9gica y la prestaci\u00f3n de servicios b\u00e1sicos. Esto es importante porque la mayor parte de la producci\u00f3n de bienes y servicios p\u00fablicos se realiza en estas instancias subnacionales (aunque desde el \u00e1mbito acad\u00e9mico equivocadamente miremos m\u00e1s lo que pasa a nivel nacional).<\/p>\n<p>El esfuerzo que realizar\u00e1 Argentina para conocerse a s\u00ed misma a trav\u00e9s del Censo Nacional constituye una inversi\u00f3n importante cuyos resultados deben contribuir a delinear el perfil de nuestra sociedad en este momento cr\u00edtico por el que estamos atravesando, a reconocer y examinar procesos de cambio social y a imprimirles direcci\u00f3n e intensidad a \u00e9stos por medio de la planificaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p>(*) Diego Pando. Doctor en\u00a0en Ciencia Pol\u00edtica y de la Administraci\u00f3n, Facultad de Sociolog\u00eda y Ciencia Pol\u00edtica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Espa\u00f1a. Editor General de San Fernando Nuestro y Zona Norte Ambiental.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Por Diego Pando* En 1853, una fuerte epidemia de c\u00f3lera atac\u00f3 a Londres, una de las ciudades de ese entonces m\u00e1s pobladas y con mayor \u00edndice de urbanizaci\u00f3n del mundo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":62403,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[95],"tags":[4648,4009,4966],"class_list":["post-62402","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinion","tag-censo","tag-censo-nacional","tag-datos-estadisticos"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 es importante el Censo Nacional? - San Fernando Nuestro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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